Once an intruder is able to crack into your computer system, he will use a rootkit. This is a set of tools that can help the attacker maintain access to your system so that they can use it for malicious purposes. There is a rootkit available for each of the various operating systems, including Linux, Solaris, and Microsoft Windows.
Originally a rootkit was a set of recompiled Unix tools. These tools would carefully hide any trace of the cracker. As such, the cracker was able to maintain "root" on the system without ever being seen by the system administrator.
Today a rootkit is no longer restricted to only Unix based operating systems. Now these kits also exist for operating systems that are not based on Unix, even though these operating systems may not even have a root account.
While this may sound like a computer virus to you, it really is quite different. The main difference is in how it propagates. Nevertheless, both of these do modify the core software components on your computer. This is done by inserting code that attempts to hide the "infection" while providing benefits to the attacker. This is known as the "payload."
The payload for a rootkit is that it will continuously check to ensure that it has not been compromised. It also ensures that the cracker can still control the computer system. In order to do this, the rootkit will have to create backdoors. These backdoors are in the form of hard-coded username/password pairs, hidden command-line switches and magic environment variable settings. They may also add port knocking checks to the existing network services.
On the other hand, a computer virus can have a wide variety of payloads. It will also attempt to spread to other systems. On the other hand, a rootkit will limit itself to just maintaining control of the computer.
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